Note that Phantasia has anti-synergy with characters that have or use Special Clips, as Special Clips prevent all Aptitude effects including Phantasia's.
This includes Fenny - Starshine and Mia - Starchaser.
Tess adds Frost-damage to each shot and provides ballistic damage buffs.
As such, she is only useful to support operatives that actually shoot things.
Since all Tess does is add damage to shots, the more shots an operative deals, the more damage Tess will add for them.
As such, a list of dps operatives that Tess works well with is basically just a list of dps operatives sorted by their Rate-of-Fire in descending order.
Of particular note is Katya - Rhapsody - Katya and Tess were released at the same time and were designed to work together, and Katya is the best main-dps to use with Tess as Rhapsody has a RoF of 30 shots/second - by-far the highest of any operative..
Since Tess gives extra full-squad damage to Frost-damage operatives, she is best used with Frost-damage operatives.
Similarly, since Tess adds extra damage per-shot, Phantasia and Vidya - Celestial Swan can only be used together if supporting a dps operative who deals Frost-damage only.
The one exception to the above is Mauxir - Lotus.
Tess' Arcane logistics squad increases the ATK of all allied operatives within her ult by 35%.
If she is standing inside Tess' ult, Lotus will gain this effect. Lotus can then summon her Nodes, which inherit their ATK from Lotus - including Tess' 35% buff, and then the Nodes are themselves buffed by Tess' logistics buff. This means Lotus can use Tess' ult and logistics squad to increase the damage of her summons twice, increasing her Nodes ATK by 1.35*1.35=82.25%, which makes Tess one of Lotus' best supports, despite the fact that Lotus doesn't shoot enemies and hence doesn't actually benefit from Tess' Support Skill at all.
In addition, as mentioned in the "Weapons" section above, since Mauxir only benefits from ATK buffs, Confetti Chroma will out-perform Valiant Heart when Tess is supporting Lotus specifically, as Confetti Chroma gives an ATK buff, whereas Valiant Heart does not, but since Lotus doesn't shoot enemies and never uses Tess' support skill, she won't proc any other effects from either of Tess' signature weapons - the only benefit Lotus gets from either weapon is Confetti Chroma's ATK boost, so Valiant Heart's potentially infinite uptime on Tess' support skill does not benefit Lotus in any way, and Confetti Chroma ends up being better simply due to the ATK boost it gives.
Confetti Chroma is itself outperformed by Strawberry Shortcake though.
4* Operatives and Using Tess Solo
Lastly, note that if using Tess in a squad with other squadmates, then using Tess' ult will forcibly swap Tess out if she's on the field, and will also prevent her from swapping back in until her ult ends, however if using Tess solo then using her ult will allow you to keep control of Tess and thus allow Tess to use her own ult to buff herself.
Tess' ult adds a lot to her own DPS, and since Tess already deals high dps for a support operative, this means that Tess shouldn't be used to support any 4* operatives - You're better off using Tess as a solo operative on her own without any supports than using Tess supported by one/two 4* supports.
If using Tess as your main dps, then only use a 4* support if Tess needs the healing that the 4* can provide.
If you want/need to use Tess with some 4* supports, then her best support for dps is Fritia - Little Sunshine, who gives a thermal aptitude effect to add thermal damage to each shot, which is good because when used as a main dps Tess spends almost all of her time in combat shooting things with a high-RoF AR.
Again though: Phantasia + Fritia - Little Sunshine deals less damage than Tess does on her own, due to how much Tess can add to her own damage with her ult.