Standard Skill
When Bubu has S-Energy each of her shots use 1 S-Energy to deal more damage and cause her shots to bounce between [up to 4] enemies.
Shots deal less damage after each bounce, but it's still a large damage increase against groups.
Hold Bubu's standard skill to recharge S-Energy (at a rate of 20 S-Energy per second).
Bubu does not recharge S-Energy naturally whilt she's on the field - you need to use her Standard Skill to recharge it.
Make sure Bubu always has S-Energy - do not ever fire shots when Bubu is out of S-Energy.
Similarly, make sure Bubu has enough S-Energy to fuel her entire Ultimate before using her ult, so you don't need to stop in the middle of her ult to recharge her S-Energy.
If a boss has a period of downtime, such as invulnerability, you can use that time to fully recharge Bubu's S-Energy.
You can also fire shots such that the next shot fired is an Arcana Shot, so when the boss' invuln wears off you can immediately shoot an Arcana Shot at them.
Note that Bubu's two headlights glow whilst she has S-Energy, so just glance at her headlights occasionally during a fight and you can largely ignore the games UI.
(Yes, Bubu's literal headlights - the two glowing things on her head.)
Her gun also sounds different when fired with/without S-Energy. This is a good audio clue to tell you that you are out of S-Energy.
Potentially Important Note about Bubu's S-Energy and her Purchased Outfits:
Bubu's standard outfit ("The Geomancer") has headlights, but her other outfits have other areas that glow instead [see images below].
Bubu also has a glowing object float next to her, which disappears when she runs out of S-Energy. These floating objects lag behind Bubu's movement a little.
Outfit Glow Colour Floating Item Glowing Areas
The Geomancer Orange Divination Coin Headlights
Vitality Checkup Pink/Purple Heart The pad on her left thigh
Fizzy Revelry Red/Purple Fruit Her bunny tail
Drizzle Gossamer Orange Divination Coin The left side of her bum-bag
Note the coin in her "Drizzle Gossamer" outfit is the same as in her default outfit - "The Geomancer". I believe this is intentional and not the result of a bug.
If you are ADS-ing, then the floating S-Energy indicators are only visible if Bubu is moving left (i.e. strafing clockwise) - they are not visible when she is not moving left.
(This is true both for her regular shots as well as during her ult.)
As such, I recommend you try to always strafe left if using Bubu, not right (even if you don't tend to ADS, just in case you do ever decide to), as this will keep the object visible.
When Bubu is in ADS and isn't moving left, the only S-Energy indicator that is visible are the headlights on her standard outfit ("The Geomancer") - none of the indicators on her purchased outfits are visible when stationary and ADS-ing. As such, if you normally ADS with Bubu and don't move much, you may wish to only use her default outfit, as if Bubu isn't strafing left and isn't wearing her default outfit then there is no visual indicator of her S-Energy at all, meaning you'll have to look away from combat at the S-Energy gauge.
Yes, this does mean that I am saying her free outfit can be easier to use than her purchased outfits.
Is this a massive difference? No.
Is this something that most people won't be affected by in any way? Yes.
You might think it's a small thing, because it is, but for some people which outfit Bubu is wearing and which direction they move will make a difference to how Bubu performs for them.
I wouldn't normally mention something like this in such detail or include so many of the following screenshots, but given that the difference involves outfits that are purchased with actual real money, I do feel it is important to mention, as I really wouldn't want somebody to buy an outfit for Bubu with real money and then be disappointed it didn't work in the same way that her standard outfit did, or felt worse to play (even slightly), and they regretted their purchase.
Ideally I'd like to see an optional part added for each of Bubu's purchased outfits that give her an S-Energy indicator that is also visible when ADS'ing, just like her regular outfit.
(And whilst I am here complaining/dreaming: Have the headlights dim based on her remaining S-Energy to show how much S-Energy she has, not just have them as a binary notification of whether she has any S-Energy remaining at all.)